Key result
Chest strap HRV detects cognitive effort more accurately than armbands and smartwatches.
Why the study?
Assessing cognitive effort in affective robotics unobtrusively without affecting human-robot interaction motivated evaluating commercial wearable devices.
Which commercial wearable device provides the most accurate detection of cognitive effort by measuring cardiac activity?
Observational (n=30)
Which commercial wearable device provides the most accurate detection of cognitive effort by measuring cardiac activity?
Chest straps measuring heart rate variability are the most accurate among tested commercial wearables for detecting cognitive effort in human-robot interaction settings.
May guide wearable selection in cognitive monitoring research; leaves open validation before any clinical use.
This paper is motivated by the need of assessing cognitive effort in affective robotics. In this context, the ultimate goal is that of assessing the mental state while the subject is interacting with a robotic system, by gathering implicit and objective information unobtrusively. To this end, we focus on wearable devices that do not affect the interaction of a human with a robot. In particular, we consider some commercial multi-purpose wearable devices, such as an armband, a smartwatch and a chest strap, and compare them in terms of accuracy in detecting cognitive effort. In an experiment setting, thirty participants were exposed to an increase in their cognitive effort by means of standard cognitive tests. Mental fatigue was estimated by measuring cardiac activity, in terms of heart rate and heart rate variability. The results have shown that the analysis of heart rate variability measured by the chest strap provides the most accurate detection of cognitive effort. Nevertheless, also measurements by the armband are sensitive to cognitive effort.
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Villani et al. (2020) conducted an observational in Cognitive effort (n=30). Wearable devices (chest strap, armband, smartwatch) vs. Comparison among devices was evaluated on Accuracy in detecting cognitive effort via heart rate and heart rate variability. Heart rate variability measured by a chest strap provided the most accurate detection of cognitive effort compared to an armband and smartwatch, though the armband was also sensitive.