Key result
Obesity or overweight linked to ~37% higher hypertension odds in older adults, particularly males.
Why the study?
Hypertension is a major global public health issue, and sex differentials in its association with anthropometric measures among older adults in India needed exploration.
Is there a sex disparity in the association between anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio) and hypertension among older adults in India?
Cross-Sectional (n=31,464)
Yes
Is there a sex disparity in the association between anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio) and hypertension among older adults in India?
Effect estimate: OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.27-1.47)
p-value: p=<0.05
Obesity and central adiposity are strongly associated with prevalent hypertension in older Indian adults, with a significantly larger magnitude of association observed in males than in females.
May support sex-specific hypertension screening in overweight older Indian adults; leaves open causal confirmation in prospective studies.
Hypertension is a public health issue touted as a "silent killer" worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the sex differential in the association of anthropometric measures including body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with hypertension among older adults in India. The study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017-18. The sample contains 15,098 males and 16,366 females aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics (percentages) along with bivariate analysis were presented. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the outcome variable (hypertension) and putative risk or protective factors. About 33.9% of males and 38.2% of females aged 60 years and above suffered from hypertension. After adjusting for the socioeconomic, demographic and health-behavioral factors, the odds of hypertension were 1.37 times (CI: 1.27-1.47), significantly higher among older adults who were obese or overweight than those with no overweight/obese condition. Older adults with high-risk waist circumference and waist-hip ratio had 1.16 times (CI: 1.08-1.25) and 1.42 times (CI: 1.32-1.51) higher odds of suffering from hypertension, respectively compared to their counterparts with no high-risk waist circumference or waist-hip ratio. The interaction effects showed that older females with overweight/obesity [OR: 0.84; CI: 0.61-0.74], high-risk waist circumference [OR: 0.89; CI: 0.78-0.99], and high-risk waist-hip ratio [OR: 0.90; CI: 0.83-0.97] had a lower chance of suffering from hypertension than their male counterparts with the similar anthropometric status. The findings suggested a larger magnitude of the association between obesity, high-risk waist circumference, high-risk waist-hip ratio and prevalent hypertension among older males than females. The study also highlights the importance of measuring obesity and central adiposity in older individuals and using such measures as screening tools for timely identification of hypertension.
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Muhammad et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=31,464). Obesity/overweight vs. No obesity/overweight was evaluated on Hypertension (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.27-1.47, p=<0.05). Obesity or overweight was associated with 1.37 times higher odds of hypertension among older adults in India, with a stronger association observed in males compared to females.
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