Key result
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a comprehensive tool for characterizing limitations in heart failure, with reduced peak VO2 and elevated VE/VCO2 slope remaining robust prognostic markers.
Why the study?
Recent evidence published between 2023 and 2025 expanded the diagnostic and prognostic role of CPET in heart failure, incorporating refined pathophysiology, submaximal parameters, and updated ISHLT 2024 criteria.
This narrative review provides an update on the clinical application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in heart failure, reflecting recent evidence and 2024 ISHLT guidelines.
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Rossi et al. (2025) conducted a review in Heart Failure. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) was evaluated. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a comprehensive tool for characterizing limitations in heart failure, with reduced peak VO2 and elevated VE/VCO2 slope remaining robust prognostic markers.
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