Functional, biological and biomechanical maturity as safety criteria for children’s admission to sport training: a systematic analysis and practical recommendations

The purpose of the study is, based on a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from 2020 to 2025, to develop a sport-specific system of rules for allowing children to participate in organized sports activities, taking into account biological, functional, and biomechanical maturity. Research methods and organization. A systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases was conducted. Ontological modeling was used to formalize the subject area, and natural language processing methods were employed for knowledge extraction. Research results and conclusions. Through a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed publications, quantitative thresholds for injury risk in young athletes have been identified. Fourteen rules for access to training loads have been formulated, differentiated across five groups of sports (team contact, individual technical, martial arts, strength sports, endurance sports). A three-stage model for implementing maturity monitoring in the training process (basic, advanced, full) has been developed. The integration of assessments across three domains of maturity (biological, functional, biomechanical) ensures an individualized approach to granting access for children, reduces the risk of injury during periods of intense growth, and corrects the systemic selection bias in favor of early-maturing athletes.