Gross and Microscopic Pathological Changes Associated With Nonthoracotomy Implantable Defibrillator Leads
Why the study?
What are the gross and microscopic pathological changes associated with endocardial ICD leads in humans?
Population
8 patients with endocardial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads whose hearts were examined after…
Design
Case_series
Authors
Discussion
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Member takes
Implication
May underlie threshold shifts and extraction challenges with transvenous ICDs; extends epicardial observations but leaves open generalizability.
Structured PICO
What are the gross and microscopic pathological changes associated with endocardial ICD leads in humans?
P
Population
8 patients with endocardial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads whose hearts were examined after transplantation (n=5) or death (n=3). Mean age 47+/-11 years, LVEF 0.24+/-0.10, 4 with ischemic heart disease and 4 with dilated cardiomyopathy.
I
Intervention
Endocardial ICD leads
O
Outcome
Gross and microscopic pathological changes in cardiac tissuesurrogate
Endocardial ICD leads are associated with intense fibrosis and acute cell injury following shocks, which may explain changes in defibrillation thresholds and difficulties during lead extraction.
Cite This Study
Epstein et al. (1998) studied this question.