Cardiac vagal dysfunction and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery: a planned secondary analysis of the measurement of Exercise Tolerance before surgery study

Figures

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  Fig 1. Patient flow diagram showing the number of patients included in the analysis. CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

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  Fig 2. Heart rate recovery 1 min after the end of exercise. Histogram showing the frequency distribution of heart rate recovery 1 min after the end of exercise in beats min−1.

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  Fig 3. Heart rate recovery and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). Bar charts showing (a) the proportion (%) of participants with heart rate recovery (HRR) less than or equal to 12 beats min−1, and (b) mean heart rate recovery (beats min−1), stratified by the RCRI. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval for the mean. Overall, 167/419 patients with RCRI=0 had heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1, 355/871 patients with RCRI=1–2 had heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1, and 26/36 patients with RCRI ≥3 had heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1. The proportion of patients with heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1 was significantly greater for RCRI ≥3 compared with the other two groups (P<0.01).

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  Fig 4. Heart rate recovery and NT Pro-BNP. Bar charts showing (a) the proportion (%) of participants with heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1, and (b) mean heart rate recovery (beats min−1), stratified by NT pro-BNP concentration (<100, 100–199, and ≥200 pg ml−1). Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval for the mean. Overall, 263/719 (36.6%) patients with NT pro-BNP <100 pg ml−1 had heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1, 119/291 (40.9%) patients with NT pro-BNP 100–199 pg ml−1 had heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1, and 146/263 (55.5%) patients with NT pro-BNP ≥200 pg ml−1 had heart rate recovery ≤12 beats min−1. NT Pro-BNP, N-terminal pro-hormone of brain natriuretic peptide.