Obesity and hypertension independently attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation, with the lowest forearm blood flow response in obese hypertensive patients (10.4 vs 40.5 mL/min/100 mL; P<.001).
Observational (n=61)
Do obesity and hypertension independently and interdependently impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation?
Obesity and hypertension are independently associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, suggesting a synergistic negative effect on endothelial function.
Absolute Event Rate: 10.4% vs 40.5%
p-value: p=<.001
The purpose of this study was to determine the interdependent and independent effects of hypertension and obesity on endothelial function in humans. We evaluated the forearm blood flow (FBF) response to acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, in 16 lean and 12 obese normotensive individuals and the 18 lean and 15 obese hypertensive patients with no history of smoking, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, or renal dysfunction. The FBF was measured using a mercury-filled Silastic strain-gauge plethysmograph. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) and forearm vascular resistance were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than in the normotensive individuals. Insulin resistance, determined by a homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), was significantly greater in the obese group than in the lean group (3.59 +/- 1.68 v 1.91 +/- 1.12, P < .01). There was no significant difference in the HOMA index between normotensive and hypertensive subjects regardless of weight. The response of FBF to acetylcholine was greatest in lean normotensive individuals and least in obese hypertensive patients (40.5 +/- 8.5 and 10.4 +/- 2.8 mL/min/100 mL of tissue, P < .001 v other groups). The FBF response was similar in obese normotensive individuals and lean hypertensive patients (24.1 +/- 7.9 and 19.3 +/- 3.2 mL/min/100 mL of tissue). The vasodilatory effect of ISDN was similar in all four groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the maximal FBF response to acetylcholine correlated independently with age (P = .043), obesity (P = .012), HOMA index (P = .002), and mean BP (P < .001). These findings suggest that obesity and hypertension are independently involved in abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilation by attenuated nitric oxide production.
Yukihito Higashi (Mon,) conducted a observational in Essential hypertension and obesity (n=61). Obesity and hypertension vs. Lean normotensive individuals was evaluated on Forearm blood flow (FBF) response to acetylcholine (p=<.001). Obesity and hypertension independently attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation, with the lowest forearm blood flow response in obese hypertensive patients (10.4 vs 40.5 mL/min/100 mL; P<.001).