Key result
Community-acquired AKI was associated with lower mortality than hospital-acquired AKI (45% vs 62.9%; HR for HA-AKI 1.8; 95% CI 1.44-2.13; P<0.001) over 14 months of follow-up.
Why the study?
Do short- and long-term outcomes differ between community-acquired and hospital-acquired AKI?
Cohort (n=15,976)
Yes
Do short- and long-term outcomes differ between community-acquired and hospital-acquired AKI?
Although patients with community-acquired AKI present with more severe AKI, they have better short- and long-term survival compared to those with hospital-acquired AKI.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Compared with AKI in hospitalized patients, little is known about patients sustaining AKI in the community and how this differs from AKI in hospital. This study compared epidemiology, risk factors, and short- and long-term outcomes for patients with community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) AKI. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A total of 15,976 patients admitted to two district general hospitals between July 11, 2011, and January 15, 2012 were studied. Through use of an electronic database and the AKI Network classification, 686 patients with CA-AKI and 334 patients with HA-AKI were identified. Patients were followed up for 14 months, and data were collated on short-term and long-term renal and patient outcomes. RESULTS: The incidence of CA-AKI among all hospital admissions was 4.3% compared with an incidence of 2.1% of HA-AKI, giving an overall AKI incidence of 6.4%. Patients with CA-AKI were younger than patients with HA-AKI. Risks for developing HA and CA-AKI were similar and included preexisting CKD, cardiac failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, dementia, and cancer. Patients with CA-AKI were more likely to have stage 3 AKI and had shorter lengths of hospital stay than patients with HA-AKI. Those with CA-AKI had better (multivariate-adjusted) survival than patients with HA-AKI (hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.44-2.13; P<0.001] for HA-AKI group). Mortality for the CA-AKI group was 45%; 43.7% of these deaths were acute in-hospital deaths. Mortality for the HA-AKI group was 62.9%, with 68.1% of these deaths being acute in-hospital deaths. Renal referral rates were low across the cohorts (8.3%). Renal outcomes were similar in both CA-AKI and HA-AKI groups, with 39.4% and 33.6% of patients in both groups developing de novo CKD or progression of preexisting CKD within 14 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients with CA-AKI sustain more severe AKI than patients with HA-AKI. Despite having risk factors similar to those of patients with HA-AKI, patients with CA AKI have better short- and long-term outcomes.
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Wonnacott et al. (2014) conducted a cohort in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (n=15,976). Community-acquired AKI vs. Hospital-acquired AKI was evaluated on Mortality (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.44-2.13, p=<0.001). Community-acquired AKI was associated with lower mortality than hospital-acquired AKI (45% vs 62.9%; HR for HA-AKI 1.8; 95% CI 1.44-2.13; P<0.001) over 14 months of follow-up.
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