Why the study?
Can preoperative radiologic evaluation demonstrate intravenous extension of endocrine tumors?
Can preoperative radiologic evaluation demonstrate intravenous extension of endocrine tumors?
Preoperative radiologic evaluation, including computed tomography, can effectively demonstrate intravenous extension of endocrine tumors into the vena cava.
May support preoperative planning for endocrine tumors with venous extension; leaves open validation in larger prospective series.
Four patients with intravenous extension of endocrine tumors are described. Three had adrenal carcinoma with extension along the adrenal veins into the inferior vena cava. In two of these, the extension into the inferior vena cava was demonstrated by computed tomography. The fourth patient had a glomus jugulare with extension down the jugular vein into the superior vena cava. In ech case preoperative radiologic evaluation demonstrated the tumor and its venous extension.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Dunnick et al. (1980) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: