The Acute Cardiorespiratory and Cerebrovascular Response to Resistance Exercise

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Typical trace for a combination of RE and VM (RE + VM), Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) in isolation, and isometric RE in isolation (RE). Phases of the VM (phase I (PI) through phase 4 (PIV)) are visible in both RE+VM and VM conditions. The thick black line in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), posterior cerebral artery blood velocity (PCAv) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) traces represents the mean value for each cardiac cycle. HR heart rate. Reproduced with permission from [45]

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  Fig. 2. Hemodynamic variables in one participant during a Valsalva manoeuvre at 90% of maximal mouth pressure for 10s. ABP arterial blood pressure; MCAvmean mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity; TOI total oxygenation index; O2Hb oxyhaemoglobin; HHb deoxyhaemoglobin; tHb total haemoglobin. Reproduced with permission from [57]

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  Fig. 3. Haemodynamic response to 6 upright squats at 60% of one repetition maximum. MCAv middle cerebral artery blood velocity; ABP arterial blood pressure. The thick black line in the MCAv and ABP traces represents the mean for each cardiac cycle. Note that a reduction in displacement indicates the eccentric phase of the squat. A VM was only performed on the last 4 repetitions of the set, noting the resultant increase in MAP. Peak VM pressure occurs at the transition from eccentric to concentric contraction and coincides with peak blood pressure. Data from Perry et al. [55]

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  Fig. 4. Summary of the physiological regulators of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during RE. RE resistance exercise, CPP cerebral perfusion pressure, MAP mean arterial blood pressure, ICP intracranial pressure, CVP central venous pressure, PaCO2 the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, PaO2 the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, VM Valsalva manoeuvre, MVC maximal voluntary contraction and 1RM one repetition maximum