Population
Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18 chicken embryos (n=41)
Comparison
Heart outflow tract banding vs Control (unbanded) embryos
Design
Preclinical
Follow-up
immediate
Authors
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Caution against extrapolating chick embryo banding responses to human congenital defects; leaves open shear-mediated mechanisms of early cardiac adaptation.
In a chick embryo model, the early embryonic cardiovascular system shows immediate hemodynamic adaptations to increased load from outflow tract banding, maintaining stroke volume despite altered flow velocities and shear rates.
Midgett et al. (2014) studied this question.