This review provides a comprehensive overview of the definition, diagnostic parameters, and epidemiology of advanced heart failure.
Updates advanced HF criteria and trends for clinical use; extends prior syntheses for research.
Summarizing current guidelines and advanced heart failure (AHF) clinical trials/registries, this review focuses on the current definition of AHF and emphasizes the secular trends in this definition over the last two decades. Further, clinical, imaging, hemodynamic, functional capacity and biomarker parameters that may aid clinicians to better recognize patients with AHF are reviewed. Finally, we review the limited data concerning the epidemiology of AHF which to date has been poorly characterized.
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AbouEzzeddine et al. (2011) studied this question.
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