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January 15, 2026Frontiers in Molecular BiosciencesOpen Access

Exploring the risk stratification of carotid plaque hemodynamic using four-dimensional blood flow technology

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Why the study?

Carotid plaque rupture is a major cause of cerebrovascular events, motivating exploration of integrating hemodynamic parameters with structural biomarkers for improved risk stratification.

Does the integration of hemodynamic parameters from 4D-flow MRI with structural biomarkers improve risk stratification for cerebral ischemic events in patients with moderate-to-severe carotid stenosis?

Comparison

Symptomatic vs asymptomatic plaques

Design

Observational imaging study

Follow-up

6 months

Authors

SZSiyuan ZhangHZHong-liang ZhaoXSXiaowei Song

Discussion

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Member takes

Overview

May aid short-term ischemic risk stratification in carotid stenosis; leaves open prospective validation of 4D-flow integration.

Structured PICO

Does the integration of hemodynamic parameters from 4D-flow MRI with structural biomarkers improve risk stratification for cerebral ischemic events in patients with moderate-to-severe carotid stenosis?

P
Population
57 patients with moderate-to-severe carotid stenosis
I
Intervention
4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution MRI for hemodynamic and structural biomarker analysis
O
Outcome
Symptomatic plaques and cerebral ischemic events within 6 monthssurrogate

Integrating downstream hemodynamic profiling with structural biomarkers using 4D-flow MRI provides a robust stratification tool for assessing cerebrovascular risk in patients with carotid stenosis.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1bc7aeb33628da419cd941https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1685377
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Differences in Wall Shear Stress Between High-Risk and Low-Risk Plaques in Patients With Moderate Carotid Artery Stenosis: A 4D Flow MRI Study2021 · 23 citations
  2. 2Combination of Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Computational Fluid Dynamics May Predict the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Plaques2017 · 22 citations
  3. 3Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease2014 · 147 citations
  4. 4Highly accelerated 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance using a pseudo-spiral Cartesian acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction for carotid flow and wall shear stress2020 · 57 citations
  5. 5Carotid Artery Wall Imaging: Perspective and Guidelines from the ASNR Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group and Expert Consensus Recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology2018 · 331 citations