Why the study?
How do sex differences in conventional risk factors, especially smoking, account for excess male mortality from cardiovascular disease?
How do sex differences in conventional risk factors, especially smoking, account for excess male mortality from cardiovascular disease?
Smoking contributes substantially to the excess male mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japan, explaining nearly half of the excess risk.
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Smoking cessation may narrow sex disparities in CVD; leaves open causality and roles of other factors in observational data.
Tamaki et al. (2006) studied this question.