Key result
The combination of smoking and hypertension accounted for 35.1% of cardiovascular deaths in men and 22.1% in women, with the highest population-attributable fractions observed in individuals under 60 years of age.
Why the study?
Does the combination of smoking and hypertension increase cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in Japanese adults?
Population
8,912 Japanese men and women without a history of stroke and heart disease, aged ≥30 years.
Comparison
Current smoking combined with hypertension vs Neither current smoking nor hypertension
Design
Cohort
Follow-up
19 years
Authors
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May prioritize smoking cessation in young hypertensives; extends PAF estimates to Japan but leaves causal impact open.
Cohort (n=8,912)
Yes
Does the combination of smoking and hypertension increase cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in Japanese adults?
Hazard Ratio: 3.86 (95% CI 1.62–9.19)
Absolute Event Rate: 3.5% vs 0.6%
The combination of smoking and hypertension accounts for a substantial proportion of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in Japan, particularly among individuals under 60 years of age.
Hozawa et al. (2007) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk (n=8,912). Current smoking and hypertension vs. Neither current smoking nor hypertension was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease mortality in men <60 years (current smokers with hypertension vs. non-smokers without hypertension) (RH 3.86, 95% CI 1.62-9.19). The combination of smoking and hypertension accounted for 35.1% of cardiovascular deaths in men and 22.1% in women, with the highest population-attributable fractions observed in individuals under 60 years of age.
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