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The article summarizes the ESC 2021 guidelines for the diagnosis and pharmacological management of chronic heart failure.
The article presents a new universal definition of chronic heart failure, patient’s phenotypes, algorithm for diagnostics of HF, considers the guidelines of their managements and the prognosis of the disease determiner’s factors. The article will be useful for cardiologists, doctors of the emergency departments.
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Pocheptsova et al. (2021) studied this question.
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