Why the study?
Do beta-blockers reduce mortality and improve symptoms in patients with heart failure?
Do beta-blockers reduce mortality and improve symptoms in patients with heart failure?
Pharmacologic interference with the sympathetic nervous system using beta-blockers produces important clinical benefits, including reduced mortality, in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
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May support carvedilol in systolic HF; leaves open optimal agent selection and contemporary validation.
Michael G. Packer (1998) studied this question.
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