Key result
Bidomain model clarifies cardiac make-break excitation and explains the anodal strength-interval curve dip.
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The bidomain model provides a theoretical framework for understanding the complex mechanisms of unipolar cardiac stimulation, including virtual electrode polarization and the paradoxical dip in the anodal strength-interval curve.
The bidomain model describes the electrical properties of cardiac tissue and is often used to simulate the response of the heart to an electric shock. The strength-interval curve summarizes how refractory tissue is excited. This paper analyzes calculations of the strength-interval curve when a stimulus is applied through a unipolar electrode. In particular, the bidomain model is used to clarify why the cathodal and anodal strength-interval curves are different, and what the mechanism of the "dip" in the anodal strength-interval curve is.
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Kandel et al. (2013) conducted a review in Cardiac electrophysiology. Unipolar electrical stimulation was evaluated. The bidomain model explains the mechanisms of make and break cardiac excitation and clarifies that the dip in the anodal strength-interval curve arises from electrotonic interactions.
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