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Historical 2013 HF snapshot; leaves open contemporary guideline and therapy updates.
Heart failure has become a worldwide epidemic of the 21st century with increasing impact on healthcare systems. The 2012 ESC and 2013 ACCF/AHA guidelines have set the stage for current therapy to reduce mortality and morbidity. There is a dawn of hope for therapy of acute and diastolic heart failure; it has become clearer that patients benefit from mitral reconstruction and which patients benefit from heart failure management programmes; genetics and proteomics advance in great strides; competing concepts of cell therapy seem to spiral, hopefully upwards; and we can further nurture our hope for evidence-based individualized diagnostic and therapy.
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Ertl et al. (2014) studied this question.
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