Key result
Canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy predominantly affects small breeds, presenting with symmetrical LVH and low heart failure rates.
Why the study?
Clinical data on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dogs are lacking, prompting investigation into their signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and survival.
Observational (n=68)
Yes
In dogs, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy predominantly affects small breeds and is characterized by symmetrical LV hypertrophy, with sudden death possible but progression to congestive heart failure being uncommon.
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of clinical data on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and survival in dogs with HCM. ANIMALS: Sixty-eight client-owned dogs. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records were searched between 2003 and 2015. The diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was made by echocardiographic examination. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-five dogs with LV hypertrophy were identified, of which 277 were excluded. The remaining 68 dogs were 0.3 to 14 years old and predominantly <10 kg (85%), and without a sex predilection. Twenty-four % were Shih Tzu and 24% terrier breeds. Most (80%) had a systolic heart murmur. Owner-determined exercise intolerance (37%) and syncope (18%) were most commonly reported signs. The majority (84%) of dogs had symmetrical LV hypertrophy, whereas asymmetrical septal and LV free wall hypertrophy was observed in 9% and 6% of dogs, respectively. Isolated basal interventricular septal hypertrophy was not observed. Commonly recorded were systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (60%) and LV diastolic dysfunction (89% of dogs where diastolic function was evaluated). Six dogs died unexpectedly, and 3 developed congestive heart failure. Known survival times were between 1 day and 114 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis if LV hypertrophy is identified. Small breed dogs are overrepresented, and it is uncommon for dogs with HCM to develop CHF although sudden death can occur.
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Schober et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (n=68). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy vs. Healthy matched control dogs was evaluated on Clinical signs, echocardiographic characteristics, and survival. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dogs predominantly affects small breeds without a sex predilection, typically presenting with symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy and a low incidence of congestive heart failure, though sudden death can occur.
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