Heat and mass transfer analysis of non-similar Williamson nanofluid flow with nonlinear thermal radiations, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation effects

In this article, a non-similar model is employed to investigate the heat and mass transfer mechanism in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow of Williamson fluid over a stretching sheet. Moreover, the combined influences of Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and nonlinear thermal radiations are also explored. The influence of chemical reactions on the flow field is examined to enhance the physical interpretation of the results. Employing the Sparrow–Quack–Boerner local non-similarity method, the governing equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations. The obtained system is numerically tackled by applying Matlab based algorithm via bvp4c. In order to give each parameter a physical meaning, the influences of the obtained parameters on the pattern of concentration, temperature, and velocity of nanoparticles have been explored utilizing diagrammatical interpretation. The influence of selected physical parameters on the skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and Schmidt number is assessed through systematically organized numerical tables. In addition, the second law of thermodynamics is applied to evaluate process performance by analyzing entropy-generation rates across different system conditions. The creation of entropy rises with increasing Brinkman number and Diffusion parameter. Additionally, it is demonstrated from the numerical data that the rate of heat transmission reduces as the Eckert number expands, but the value of thermal radiation tends to rise it. Lastly, comparison with previously published work demonstrates the validity of the current work. The non-similar model of the considered problem has not been discussed in literature, which gives it uniqueness. Researchers looking at industrial nanofluid applications, such as those in geothermal and geophysical systems, biomedicine, solar water heaters, heat exchangers, and many other sectors, may find this paper to be helpful.