Experimental evidence reveals the UCP1 genotype changes the oxygen consumption attributed to non-shivering thermogenesis in humans

Figures

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  Figure 1. Physiological differences among UCP1 genotypes. (a) The physical positions and LD structure of UCP1 SNPs genotyped in this study. A pairwise r 2 value is shown in each square. Darker gradient color indicates higher r 2 values, and black indicates an r 2 of 1. The haplotype block defined by the Gabriel et al. method31 is represented by the enclosure of the black line. (b) Time series variations of VO2 (+/− s.e.m.) in each SNP and that genotype. The solid and dashed lines show the changes under 16 and 28 degrees Celsius, respectively. The colors of the lines represent each genotype (blue: a homozygote of an ancestral allele; magenta: a homozygote of a derived allele; green: heterozygote of ancestral/derived alleles). (c) Time series variations of VO2 (+/− s.e.m.) between haplotypes. The solid and dashed lines show the changes under 16 and 28 degrees Celsius, respectively. The colors of the lines represent each genotype (red: a homozygote of GnGTAn haplotype; blue: a homozygote and heterozygote of other haplotypes). The asterisks indicate a significant increase compared with other genotypes (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01).

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  Figure 2. Correlation between the haplotype showing the highest efficiency thermogenesis and the latitudes (a) and mean annual temperatures (b) of global human populations deposited in the 1000 Genomes Project database. Blue line and grey band represent a regression line and its 95% confidence interval. Each color of triangle indicates the geographical region of populations. Dashed line represents a regression line, and orange triangle indicates the frequency and latitude of our subjects. The abbreviations used are the following: African (AFR): ESN (Esan in Nigeria), GWD (Gambian in Western Divisions in the Gambia), LWK (Luhya in Webuye, Kenya), MSL (Mende in Sierra Leone), YRI (Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria); European (EUR): FIN (Finnish in Finland), GBR (British in England and Scotland), IBS(Iberian Population in Spain), TSI (Toscani in Italia); East Asian (EAS): CDX (Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China), CHB (Han Chinese in Bejing, China), JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan), NJP (Japanese in this study), KHV (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam); South Asian (SAS): BEB (Bengali from Bangladesh), PJL (Punjabi from Lahore, Pakistan).