The protective effect of hydroalcoholic Citrus aurantifolia peel extract against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity

Figures

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  Fig. 1. The effect of CPE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on the (A) MDA plasma level; (B) SOD activity; and (C) CAT activity in the kidney tissue in the groups receiving doxorubicin. The doxorubicin group as the positive control group received doxorubicin at the repeated doses of 4 mg/kg/day on days 2, 6, 10, and 14. Data were presented as mean ± SD. aP < 0.05 demonstrates significant difference compared with the control group; bP < 0.05 versus the doxorubicin group; cP < 0.05 versus CPE 100 + doxorubicin group; dP < 0.05 versus CPE 200 + doxorubicin group. CPE, Citrus aurantifolia peel extract; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

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  Fig. 2. The effect of CPE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on the (A) body weight and (B) kidney weight/body weight in the groups receiving doxorubicin. Body weight was recorded on days 0 (before treatment) and 15 (after treatment). The doxorubicin group as the positive control group received doxorubicin at the repeated doses of 4 mg/kg/day on days 2, 6, 10, and 14. Data were presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 demonstrates significant difference compared with day 0; aP < 0.05 versus control group; bP < 0.05 versus doxorubicin group; cP < 0.05 versus CPE 100 + doxorubicin group; dP < 0.05 versus CPE 200 + doxorubicin group. CPE, Citrus aurantifolia peel extract.

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  Fig. 3. The effect of CPE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on the serum levels of (A) BUN; (B) creatinine; and (C) albumin in the groups receiving doxorubicin. The doxorubicin group as the positive control group received doxorubicin at the repeated doses of 4 mg/kg/day on days 2, 6, 10, and 14. Data were presented as mean ± SD. aP < 0.05 demonstrates significant difference compared with the control group; bP < 0.05 versus the doxorubicin group; cP < 0.05 versus CPE 100 + doxorubicin group; dP < 0.05 versus CPE 200 + doxorubicin group. CPE, Citrus aurantifolia peel extract; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.

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  Fig 4. The effect of CPE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on kidney damage in the groups receiving doxorubicin. (A) The histopathological images of kidney stained by hematoxylin & eosin (10× magnification) in all experimental groups and (B) the kidney damage level based on the tubular damage. The doxorubicin group as the positive control group received doxorubicin at the repeated doses of 4 mg/kg/day on days 2, 6, 10, and 14. Data were presented as mean ± SD. aP < 0.05 demonstrates a significant difference compared with the similar factor in the control group; bP < 0.05 versus the analogous factor in the doxorubicin group; cP < 0.05 versus the analogous factor in the CPE 100 + doxorubicin group; dP < 0.05 versus the analogous factor in the CPE 200 + doxorubicin group. CPE, Citrus aurantifolia peel extract; ICI, inflammatory cell infiltration; TCD, tubular cell degeneration; BSD, Bowman’s space dilatation.