Comparative and Combinatorial Effects of Resveratrol and Sacubitril/Valsartan alongside Valsartan on Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in MI-Induced Rats

Figures

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  Figure 1. (A) Body weight of sham and MI rats at week 8; (B) LV weight-to-tibia length ratio of sham and MI rat; (C) Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio of sham and MI rats. (D) Liver wet-to-dry weight ratio of sham and MI rats. (E) LV scar size (%) in MI rats. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 9–11. ††† p <0.001 vs. Sham Veh; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. MI Veh. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Veh—vehicle, Sac/Val—sacubitril/valsartan, Res—resveratrol, Val—valsartan.

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  Figure 2. (A) End diastolic volume (EDV); (B) End systolic volume (ESV); (C) Systolic volume (SV). All values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 9–11. ††† p < 0.001 vs. Sham Veh; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. MI Veh. Veh—vehicle, Sac/Val—sacubitril/valsartan, Res—resveratrol, Val—valsartan.

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  Figure 3. (A) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); (B) Fractional shortening (FS); (C) Cardiac output (CO); (D) E/A ratio; (E) Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) of sham and MI rats. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 9–11. ††† p < 0.001 vs. Sham Veh; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. MI Veh. Veh—vehicle, Sac/Val—sacubitril/valsartan, Res—resveratrol, Val—valsartan.

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  Figure 4. (A) Malondialdehyde (MDA); (B) Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). All values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. ††† p < 0.001 vs. Sham Veh; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. MI Veh. Veh—vehicle, Sac/Val—sacubitril/valsartan, Res—resveratrol, Val—valsartan.

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  Figure 5. (A) Collagen; (B) brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). All values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. ††† p < 0.001 vs. Sham Veh; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 vs. MI Veh. Veh—vehicle, Sac/Val—sacubitril/valsartan, Res—resveratrol, Val—valsartan.

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  Figure 6. (A) Creatinine; (B) Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) (plasma). All values are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. Veh—vehicle, Sac/Val—sacubitril/valsartan, Res—resveratrol, Val—valsartan.