Effects of Low-Fat and High-Fat Meals, with and without Dietary Fiber, on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Triglyceridemia, and Glycemia in Adolescents

Figures

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  Figure 1. Blood glucose concentrations over time in response to the four meals. Dashed lines represent individual subject responses. Solid line represents mean response for all subjects. See text and Table 3 for statistical comparisons.

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  Figure 2. Glycemic response as area under curve (AUC) over 4 h in response to the four meals. Boxes for each meal represent the interquartile range. Minimum and maximum values are indicated at the tips of each vertical line. The median for each meal is depicted by the horizontal line within each box. See Table 4 for statistical comparisons between meals.

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  Figure 3. Plasma insulin concentrations over time in response to four meals. Dashed lines represent individual subject responses. Solid line represents mean response for all subjects. See text and Table 5 for statistical comparisons between meals.

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  Figure 4. Plasma insulin as area under curve (AUC) over 4 h, in response to the four meals. Boxes for each meal represent the interquartile range. Minimum and maximum values are indicated at the tips of each vertical line. The median for each meal is depicted by the horizontal line within each box. See Table 6 for statistical comparisons between meals.

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  Figure 5. Plasma triglyceride responses to the four meals. Dashed lines represent individual subject responses. Solid line represents mean response for all subjects.

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  Figure 6. Change in plasma triglycerides over 4 h in response to the four meals. Minimum and maximum values are indicated at the tips of each vertical line. The median for each meal is depicted by the horizontal line within each box. See Table 7 for statistical comparisons.

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  Figure 7. Endothelial function, as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), following the four meals. Dashed lines represent responses for each individual. Solid line represents the mean response (±SD). FMD was not different across time points for all meals.

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  Figure 8. Attenuating effects of including a high-fiber cereal with a high-fat, low-fiber breakfast meal on the association between the change in 4 h plasma triglyceride concentration and change in 4 h FMD. For high-fat, low-fiber: β = −0.087 (95% CI = −0.138 to −0.037; p = 0.001). For high-fat, high-fiber: β = −0.044 (95% CI = −0.117 to 0.029; p = 0.227). Direct comparison of the two regression lines indicated that the slopes were not different from one another (p = 0.226).