Key result
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias, while metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors are promising for reducing arrhythmia risk in type 2 diabetes.
Why the study?
The study aimed to analyze the latest evidence-based data on the pathophysiological association between diabetes mellitus and heart arrhythmias, along with treatment options for their correction.
This review highlights that while metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce arrhythmia risk in type 2 diabetes, sulfonylureas, insulin, and DPP-4 inhibitors carry specific cardiovascular and arrhythmic risks.
The aim of this review article is the analysis the latest evidence based scientific data on the pathophysiological association between diabetes mellitus and heart arrhythmias and the most acceptable treatment possibilities for their correction. In recent decades, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated cardiovascular complications has increased expeditiously. Diabetes mellitus has been proven to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias regardless of the development of coronary heart disease. The pathophysiological link between diabetes mellitus and arrhythmias has been found to include cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, structural and metabolic myocardial remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to increase risk of atrial dibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias in a dose-dependent manner. Intensive treatment with sulfonylureas and insulin is accompanied by episodes of hypoglycemia, which increases the risk of QTc prolongation and life-threatening arrhythmias. Treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (iDPP-4) inhibitors does not reduce the risk of arrhythmias and is not recommended due to the increased risk of heart failure. Metformin effectively and safely reduces risk of arrhythmias in diabetes mellitus type 2. Sodium glucose transporter inhibitors and neprilysin inhibitors are promising medications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, including arrhythmias, in diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Zhuravlyova et al. (2021) conducted a review in Diabetes mellitus and heart rhythm disorders. Diabetes mellitus treatments was evaluated. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias, while metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors are promising for reducing arrhythmia risk in type 2 diabetes.
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