Impact of Impaired Renal Function and Metabolic Syndrome on the Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation: A Long Term Follow‐Up

702 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation considered for catheter ablation, age 58 years, 478 male. Comorbidities include paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n=416), coronary artery disease (n=62), hypertension (n=487), and metabolic syndrome (n=276).

Catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) performed either with cryoballoon technique (n=260) or circumferential PVI (n=442) with a 3.5-mm irrigated tip catheter.

Any episode of documented atrial fibrillation after an initial 3-month blanking period, assessed via 7-day-Holter electrocardiogram at each follow-up visithard clinical