Key result
Hyperthymic temperament is linked to ~11% lower mortality in hypertensive men, while depressive traits increase risk.
Why the study?
Cross-sectional studies showed associations between affective temperaments and hypertension-mediated organ damage, but their impact on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients remained to be evaluated prospectively.
Do different affective temperaments impact all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients?
Cohort (n=288)
Yes
Do different affective temperaments impact all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients?
Hazard Ratio: 0.89 (95% CI 0.8–0.99)
p-value: p=0.036
Hyperthymic temperament appears protective against mortality in men, while depressive, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments are associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients.
May support temperament screening for mortality risk in hypertensive men; leaves open causal links and need for prospective trials.
Objective: Cross-sectional studies on hypertensive patients previously described associations between different affective temperaments (depressive, anxious, irritable, cyclothymic, hyperthymic) and hypertension-mediated organ damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of affective temperaments on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) outcome in hypertensive patients. Design and method: In our prospective study between August 2012 and March 2020 different phenotypes of hypertensive patients were included in three general practitioner practices. Affective temperaments were evaluated with the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Total mortality, CV mortality and non-lethal CV events were collected. Patient follow-up was ended on 1st of December 2025. Results: 288 patients were included with the mean age of 57 ± 14.5 years. 134 (46.5%) of them were men. The avarage time of follow-up was 10.3 ± 1.6 years. During follow-up 32 patients died and 25 patients suffered CV event. In men hyperthymic affective temperament was protective against all-cause mortality (B=-0.118, p=0.036, HR=0.89 [0.80;0.99]), and depresive temperament was positively associated with CV events (B=0.186, p=0.047, HR=1.20 [1.002;1.45]). Additionally, cyclothymic (B=0.185, p=0.008, HR=1.20 [1.05;1.38]) and depressive temperaments (B=0.219, p=0.046, HR=1.25 [1.004;1.54]) were associated with stroke. In women irritable temperament was associated with CV events (B=0.163, p=0.034, HR=1.18 [1.01;1.37]) and coronary revascularisation (B=0.286, p=0.014, HR=1.25 [1.06;1.67]). Conclusions: These are the first results which verified in prospective study the protective role of hyperthymic temperament and the deleterious role of cyclothymic, depressive and irritable temperaments in hypertensive patients. This is a step forward in the development of temperament-based preventive strategies in CV diseases.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
János et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Hypertension (n=288). Affective temperaments was evaluated on All-cause mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99, p=0.036). In hypertensive men, hyperthymic temperament was protective against all-cause mortality (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.99), whereas depressive, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments increased CV risk.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: