Fuzzy Approximate Entropy of Extrema Based on Multiple Moving Averages as a Novel Approach in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening

Figures

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  FIGURE 1.. The general frame diagram of the HRV analysis method.

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  FIGURE 2.. Scheme of multiple moving average analysis.

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  FIGURE 3.. The comparison of the procedure diagrams of extremum sequences between the normal and OSA groups.

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  FIGURE 4.. The structure of random forest.

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  FIGURE 5.. The comparison of Mean (a), LH (b), fApEn-minima (c) and fApEn-maxima (d) for the different disease states. N: normal group; M: mild/moderate OSA group; S: severe OSA group; *, **, *** represents statistically significant difference P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, respectively.

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  FIGURE 6.. The correlative analysis of Mean (a), LH (b) fApEn-minima (c) and fApEn-maxima (d).

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  FIGURE 7.. (a) Analysis of relationships between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$\left |{ R }\right |$ \end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$K$ \end{document} about fApEn-minima and fApEn-maxima. (b) Analysis of relationships between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$\left |{ R }\right |$ \end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$M$ \end{document} about fApEn-minima and…

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  FIGURE 8.. (a) The ROC curves of the machine learning methods to distinguish the normal group from the mild/moderate OSA and severe OSA groups. (b) The ROC curves of the machine learning methods to distinguish the severe OSA group from the normal and mild/moderate OSA groups.

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  FIGURE 9.. The comparison of fApEn-minima (a) and fApEn-maxima (b) for the different disease states. N: normal group; M: mild/moderate OSA group; S: severe OSA group.