Key result
Hypertension was associated with significantly increased mean right femoral intima-media thickness compared to normotension (0.63 vs 0.52 mm, P<0.0001), with similar findings in other arteries.
Why the study?
Intima-media thickening occurs earlier in femoral arteries and reflects generalized atherosclerosis better than in carotids, prompting evaluation of common femoral versus carotid artery wall changes in hypertension.
Does hypertension increase the intima-media thickness of femoral and carotid arteries compared to normotensive controls in adult Nigerians?
Case-Control (n=122)
Does hypertension increase the intima-media thickness of femoral and carotid arteries compared to normotensive controls in adult Nigerians?
Absolute Event Rate: 0.63% vs 0.52%
p-value: p=<0.0001
Femoral and carotid artery IMT are significantly increased in hypertensive Nigerian adults, suggesting femoral IMT is a useful surrogate marker for atherosclerosis.
Supports femoral IMT as potential atherosclerosis surrogate in Nigerian hypertensives; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical adoption.
Background: Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) is an established and important surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickening in the femoral arteries occur earlier and reflect the true extent of generalized atherosclerosis better than in the carotids. Aims: To study the ultrasound-detected morphological changes in the common femoral versus carotid artery wall. Patients and Methods: A case-control study design was used, with 61 adult hypertensive as cases and 61 age-, sex- and BMI-matched normotensive as controls. Variables were participants' characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and ultrasonographically evaluated IMT of the carotid and femoral arteries. Results: A total of 122 participants were studied. The mean femoral IMT in hypertensives and controls on the right and left was 0.63 ± 0.07mm vs. 0.52 ± 0.06mm [P < 0.0001] and 0.69 ± 0.0 mm vs. 0.55 ± 0.05mm [P < 0.0001]. Also, the mean carotid IMT among hypertensives and controls on the right =0.80 ±0.15mm vs. 0.64 ± 0.06mm [P < 0.0001], and 0.91 ± 0.22mm vs. 0.65 ± 0.06mm [P < 0.0001] on the left. Significant correlation was observed between IMT and age (B = 0.006, P < 0.001 and B = 0.003, P < 0.001), hypertension (B = 0.205, P < 0.001 and B = 0.122, p< 0.001), and duration of hypertension (B = 0.02, P < 0.001 and B = 0.006, P = 0.02) the femoral and carotid arteries respectively. Conclusion: The femoral and the carotid artery show similar significantly increased IMT in hypertensive adults. The femoral IMT appears to be a good surrogate marker of atherosclerosis among hypertensive Nigerians.
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Adekanmi et al. (2019) conducted a case-control in Hypertension (n=122). Hypertension vs. Normotension was evaluated on Mean right femoral intima-media thickness (mm) (p=<0.0001). Hypertension was associated with significantly increased mean right femoral intima-media thickness compared to normotension (0.63 vs 0.52 mm, P<0.0001), with similar findings in other arteries.
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