The Solar Accumulated and Peak Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Environment (SAPPHIRE) Model

A new probabilistic model aiming to cover all aspects of the solar energetic particle (SEP) environment required for mission specifications is presented; the solar accumulated and peak proton and heavy ion radiation environment model. This model includes an updated reference data set upon which the analysis is based, a thorough evaluation of fitting procedures for SEP fluxes, a probabilistic helium model not based on proton fluxes, an extension to heavier ions based on new analysis of the Advanced Composition Explorer/solar isotope spectrometer data set, and a careful extrapolation of all output spectra to cover energies from 0.1 MeV/nuc to 1 GeV/nuc. Also included in this paper are derivations of spectra for rare solar particle events, which would occur at a given mean frequency and a new description for implementing the model to make it accessible to the public through systems, such as SPace ENVironment Information System or OMERE.