Key result
CCM improves quality of life, NYHA class, LVEF, peak oxygen uptake, and reduces major events.
Design
Review
Authors
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Supports cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure; leaves open confirmatory randomized trials.
This review summarizes the biological basis, indications, and evidence for cardiac contractility modulation as a device-based therapy for heart failure.
Pipilas et al. (2023) conducted a review in Heart failure. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) was evaluated. Cardiac contractility modulation improves quality of life, NYHA class, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak oxygen uptake, and the composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalizations.
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