Population
Cardiac pacemaker cells (sinoatrial cells)
Design
Review
Authors
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Integrates Ca2+ clock with NCX in pacemaker chronotropy; leaves open translation to clinical rate disorders.
The normal automaticity of cardiac pacemaker cells relies on a precisely regulated intracellular Ca2+ clock that integrates with membrane ion channels to rhythmically ignite action potentials.
Lakatta et al. (2008) studied this question.
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