Key result
Elevated resting heart rate (≥81 bpm) was not significantly associated with all-cause cardiovascular diseases compared to the lowest quintile (HR 1.03), but was independently associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause death.
Why the study?
Does an elevated resting heart rate increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause death in a general population?
Cohort (n=92,562)
Yes
Does an elevated resting heart rate increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause death in a general population?
Hazard Ratio: 1.03 (95% CI 0.98–1.07)
Absolute Event Rate: 2.39% vs 1.83%
Elevated resting heart rate is an independent risk marker for myocardial infarction and all-cause death, but not for overall cardiovascular disease or stroke, in the general population.
Elevated resting heart rate may aid MI and mortality risk stratification in general populations; leaves open causality and intervention effects.
BACKGROUND: Resting heart rate (RHR) predicts both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death in different populations. However, the results of the association between RHR and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are inconsistent, especially for each subtype of CVDs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to prospectively explore the relationship between RHR and CVDs including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke and all-cause death in a general population. METHODS: The Kailuan study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression modeling. RESULTS: We analyzed 92,562 participants (18-98 years old) in the Kailuan Study. CVDs were developed in 1,903 people during follow-ups. In multivariate analysis with adjustment for major traditional cardiovascular risk factors, HRs of the highest quintile group compared with the lowest quintile group of RHR for all-cause CVDs, MI, any stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause death were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.98-1.07), 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01-1.20), 1.01 (95% CI, 0.97-1.06), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.96-1.07), 1.01 (95% CI, 0.92-1.11) and 1.18, (95% CI, 1.13-1.23), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated RHR was independently associated with the increased risk for MI and all-cause death, but not for all-cause CVDs, any stroke, ischemic stroke, nor hemorrhagic stroke. This indicates that the elevated RHR might be a risk marker for MI and all-cause death in general populations.
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Wang et al. (2014) conducted a cohort in Cardiovascular diseases and all-cause death (n=92,562). Elevated resting heart rate (≥81 bpm) vs. Lowest quintile of resting heart rate (≤66 bpm) was evaluated on First occurrence of any cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.98-1.07). Elevated resting heart rate (≥81 bpm) was not significantly associated with all-cause cardiovascular diseases compared to the lowest quintile (HR 1.03), but was independently associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause death.
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