An approach to rapid protein crystallization using nanodroplets

An approach that enables up to a two order of magnitude reduction in the amount of protein required and a tenfold reduction in the amount of time required for vapor-diffusion protein crystallization is reported. A prototype high-throughput automated system was used for the production of diffraction-quality crystals for a variety of proteins from a screen of 480 conditions using drop volumes as small as 20 nL. This approach results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of protein structure determination, and allows for larger and more efficient screens of crystallization parameter space. The ability to produce diffraction-quality crystals rapidly with minimal quantities of protein enables high-throughput efforts in structural genomics and structure-based drug discovery.