The Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor 3 Antagonists on Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fatty Acid Transport Profile in Patients with Heart Failure

Figures

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  Figure 1. Adipogenesis assays (A) Hierarchical clustering heatmap represents the mRNA expression levels of genes on epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) stromal cells from patients with cardiovascular disease with or without adipogenesis induction. (B) Correlation plots between mRNA expression levels of genes on epicardial (EAT) or subcutaneous fat (SAT) stromal cells from patients with cardiovascular disease with (IDMT) or without adipogenesis induction (NIDMT).

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  Figure 2. Cell-RNA expression level fat pads (A) Hierarchical clustering heatmap represents the mRNA expression levels (a.u.) of genes in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) fat from patients with cardiovascular disease. (B) Immunohistochemistry of EAT and SAT with antibodies against FABP4, ITLN-1, CD36, and CD68 (objective magnification, ×20 and ×40). In numbers, under the immunohistochemistry, the mean ± SD mRNA expression levels of the total analysed biopsies regarding each molecule are represented. (C) Dot plots and mean ± SD represent the mRNA expression levels of FABP4 in epicardial and subcutaneous fat stromal cells treated or not treated with aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (IMT: insulin, IBM and Thiazolidinediones; Aldo: aldosterone; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist). Unpaired t test showed statistical differences between groups ** p < 0.01.

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  Figure 3. MRA on FABP4, CD36 and ITLN-1 Dot plots and mean ± SD represent the mRNA expression levels of FABP4, CD36 or INTL-1 in epicardial and subcutaneous fat in a.u. from patients with or without mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). Unpaired t test showed statistical differences between groups ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.01.

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  Figure 4. MRA on FABP4, CD36 and ITLN-1 (A) Dot plots and mean ± SD represent the mRNA expression levels of FABP4 and ITLN-1 in epicardial fat or plasma levels (ng/mL). (B) Dot plots and mean ± SD represent the plasma levels (ng/mL) of FABP4 or ITLN-1 from patients with or without mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA).

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  Figure 5. FABP4 and ITLN-1 plasma levels and body fat (A) Correlation plot represents the circulating FABP4 or ITLN-1 levels with body fat mass, measured by DEXA, in patients with HF. (B) FABP4 or ITLN-1 plasma levels from heart failure patients with or without mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). Unpaired t test did not show statistical differences between groups.

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  Figure 6. ITLN-1 in epicardial stromal cells and MRA (A) Dot plots and mean ± SD represent the released ITLN-1 levels (ng/mL) or mRNA expression levels of ITLN-1 in epicardial fat stromal cells treated or not treated with aldosterone and MRA (B) Wound healing assay. Bar plots and mean ± SD represents percentage of healing area of dedifferentiated epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes (ad-SVC) with or without aldosterone and MRA treatment. ANOVA t test showed statistical differences among groups and Bonferroni post hoc test showed differences between control and MRA treatment * p < 0.05.