A Novel Index System for Assessing Ventricular-Vascular Coupling

Figures

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  Fig. 1.. Analysis of AVI and LVGLS. (A,B) Male, 39 years, AVI = 7, LVGLS = –21.5%, AVI/LVGLS = –32.56. (C,D) Female, 48 years, AVI = 9, LVGLS = –22.4%, AVI/LVGLS = –40.18. (E,F) Female, 65 years, AVI = 13, LVGLS = –24.9%, AVI/LVGLS = –34–52.21. AVI, arterial velocity pulse index; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; API, arterial pressure volume index; CSBP, central systolic blood pressure; CAPP, central artery pulse pressure; SYS, systolic; DIA, diastolic.

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  Fig. 2.. Correlation between the AVI/LVGLS ratio and SBP, LVEF, TDI e′ in different age, gender and BMI subgroups. AVI/LVGLS was negatively correlated with SBP (A), and positively correlated with LVEF (B) and TDI e′ (C) in different age groups. AVI/LVGLS did not correlate with SBP (D), but was positively correlated with LVEF (E) and TDI e′ (F) in different gender groups. AVI/LVGLS was positively correlated with SBP (G), LVEF (H) and TDI e′ (I) in different BMI groups. AVI, arterial velocity pulse index; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TDI, Tissue Doppler Imaging; e′, early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus by TDI; BMI, body mass index.

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  Fig. 3.. ROC curves for the parameters of arterial and ventricular coupling. ROC curves for Ea and AVI in young and middle-age groups (A), young and old groups (B), and middle-age and old groups (C). ROC curves for Ees and LVGLS in young and middle-age groups (D), young and old groups (E), and middle-age and old groups (F). ROC curves for VVI and AVI/LVGLS in young and middle-age groups (G), young and old groups (H), and middle-age and old groups (I). Ea, effective arterial elastance; Ees, left ventricular end-systolic elastance; AVI, arterial velocity pulse index; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; VVI, ventricular-vascular coupling index; ROC, receiver operating characteristic curve; AUC, area under curve.

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  Fig. 4.. Repeatability test of AVI and LVGLS by Bland-Altman plot and linear correlation analysis. Bland-Altman analysis (A,B) showed a consistent trend and linear regression analysis (E,F) showed good agreement for AVI inter-observer and intra-observer respectively. Bland-Altman analysis (C,D) showed a consistent trend and linear regression analysis (G,H) showed good agreement for LVGLS inter-observer and intra-observer respectively. AVI, arterial velocity pulse index; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain.