Survey on electrocardiography signal analysis and diabetes mellitus: unraveling the complexities and complications

Electrocardiography (ECG) is crucial in the medical field to assess cardiovascular diseases. ECG signal generates information, i.e., QRS complexes that imply the cardiac health of the human body. It is depicted in the form of a graph with voltage versus time interval. A distorted, inverted, lagged, small waveform implies an abnormality in a cardiac system. This study highlights the generation of an ECG signal, QRS complexes undertoned towards different diseases, event detection, and signal processing methods. It has become crucial to highlight the possibilities and advances that can be derived from an ECG signal. Throughout this study, an instance of diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered for creating concrete awareness and understanding of an ECG signal in DM. This study focuses on finding the correlation between ECG and DM. Detection of DM from ECG signal is also studied. The findings of this survey paper conclude that the correlation between DM individuals with cardiovascular complications has autonomic neuropathy, which may lead to myocardial infarction. It is also found that the QRS complex and its abnormalities are not specific to complications in DM. However, non-invasive detection of diabetes through ECG signals demonstrates future research potential.