Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Cardiovascular Disease: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Association of cardiovascular risk factors with cholesterol efflux. Diagrams show the estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals obtained from a general linear model adjusted for use of statins, age, CAD, diabetes mellitus, smoking, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Age, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (log-transformed) were included as continuous rather than categorical covariables. p values are given for comparison with the first category of each variable. p values < 0.05 are shown in bold. CAD = coronary artery disease.

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  Figure 2. Association of HDL parameters with cholesterol efflux. Diagrams show estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals obtained from a general linear model adjusted for use of statins, age, CAD, diabetes mellitus, smoking, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Age, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (log-transformed) were included as continuous rather than categorical covariables. p values are given for comparison with the first category of each variable. p values < 0.05 are shown in bold. Biologically effective HDL cholesterol (HDL-Cˡ) was calculated using a recently developed formula based on measurements of HDL cholesterol and serum amyloid A (SAA) [11]. HDL-Cˡ = effective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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  Figure 3. Association of markers of inflammation with cholesterol efflux. Diagrams show estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals obtained from a general linear model adjusted for use of statins, age, CAD, diabetes mellitus, smoking, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Age, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (log-transformed) were included as continuous rather than categorical covariables. p values are given for comparison with the first category of each variable. p values < 0.05 are shown in bold

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  Figure 4. Survival curves according to quartile of cholesterol efflux capacity. Curves were estimated in proportional-hazards models without adjustment (model 1), adjusted for age and sex (model 2), or for age, sex, and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease including use of statins, CAD, diabetes mellitus, smoking, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol (model 3).