Visualising viral interactions and mechanisms at the nanoscale with expansion microscopy

Expansion microscopy is a groundbreaking technique that enables nanoscale imaging of biological specimens using standard optical microscopes. By embedding specimens in swellable hydrogels, it achieves sub-diffraction resolution. Compatible with various tissue types, it offers 3D, multi-colour visualisation of cellular and sub-cellular structures. While challenges remain, like sample isotropy and preservation of molecular integrity, expansion microscopy is a transformative tool for cell and neurobiology. Here, we discuss its potential for virology.