JUUL™ing and Heating Lead to a Worsening of Arterial Stiffness

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of the study design. The minimum period to complete the study for one individual subject amounted 12 days including the screening day, the day for consideration, as well as the hours of each washout period.

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  Figure 2. Concentration of carbon monoxide in exhaled air before and after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.

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  Figure 3. Peripheral systolic blood pressure in a frequency of 5 min until 75 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine. There was a significant increase in the peripheral systolic blood pressure right after the consumption of the cigarette, JUUL™, and heated tobacco product.

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  Figure 4. Peripheral diastolic blood pressure in a frequency of 5 min until 75 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine. There was a significant increase in the peripheral diastolic blood pressure right after the consumption of the cigarette, JUUL™, and heated tobacco product.

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  Figure 5. Peripheral pulse pressure in a frequency of 5 min until 75 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product and e-cigarette without nicotine. There were no changes reaching significance after the use of any of the devices.

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  Figure 6. Heart rate in a frequency of 5 min until 75 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine. There was a significant increase in the heart rate right after the consumption of the cigarette, JUUL™, and heated tobacco product.

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  Figure 7. Reactive hyperemia index before and 15 as well as 60 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.

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  Figure 8. Natural logarithm of the RHI before and 15 as well as 60 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.

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  Figure 9. Augmentation index adjusted at a heart rate of 75 bpm before and 15 as well as 60 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.

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  Figure 10. Plasma cortisol concentration analyzed before as well as 12 and 120 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.

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  Figure 11. Leucocytes analyzed before, as well as 120 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.

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  Figure 12. Immature granulocytes analyzed before as well as 120 min after consuming the cigarette, JUULTM, heated tobacco product, and e-cigarette without nicotine.