Key result
Combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes increased small airway resistance, whereas chewing bags had no effect, though all nicotine products increased arterial stiffness.
Why the study?
Substitute products like e-cigarettes and chewing bags are discussed as healthier alternatives to smoking, but their acute effects on arterial stiffness and small airways required head-to-head investigation.
Do chewing bags, e-cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes acutely affect arterial stiffness and small airway function in healthy occasional smokers?
Do chewing bags, e-cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes acutely affect arterial stiffness and small airway function in healthy occasional smokers?
E-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes have similar acute harmful effects on small airway function, and all nicotine-containing products acutely increase cardiovascular risk markers such as arterial stiffness.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
All nicotine products may acutely raise arterial stiffness; Level 5 data leave open differential long-term pulmonary effects.
Several substitute products are discussed as a healthier alternative to smoking, thereunder e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products, e.g., chewing bags, which are increasingly used in this context. We investigated the acute effects of chewing bags compared to combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes with and without nicotine on small airways and arterial stiffness in a head-to-head design. This single-center, four-arm cross-overstudy included 20 healthy occasional smokers (25 ± 0.6 years). On four test days, participants consumed one product per day. Before, during, and after consumption, peripheral and central hemodynamic as well as arterial stiffness parameters were measured by Mobil-O-Graph™ (I.E.M., Germany). Resistance and small airway function were assessed by tremoFlo® c-100 (THORASYS Thoracic Medical Systems Inc.). The combustible cigarette and the e-cigarettes with and without nicotine significantly increased the resistance of the small airways (p < 0.05), while chewing bags had no effect. All nicotine containing products (e-cigarette with nicotine, combustible cigarette, chewing bag) as well as the e-cigarette without nicotine significantly increased parameters of hemodynamic and arterial stiffness. Changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness were similar after smoking, vaping, and using chewing bags. We conclude that e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes have similar acute harmful effects on small airway dysfunction. All nicotine containing products are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk compared with no product use.
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Hauck et al. (2023) studied Healthy occasional smokers (n=20). Chewing bags, e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine), and combustible cigarettes vs. Cross-over comparison among products was evaluated on Small airway resistance and arterial stiffness (p=<0.05). Combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes increased small airway resistance, whereas chewing bags had no effect, though all nicotine products increased arterial stiffness.
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