Key result
Aging, training, and myocardial ischemia altered cardiac reserve, with 100% of athletes showing normal contractility increases and 100% of Type D angina patients having multi-vessel disease.
Why the study?
How do aging, athletic training, and myocardial ischemia affect cardiac reserve as measured by exercise echocardiography?
Cross-Sectional (n=85)
How do aging, athletic training, and myocardial ischemia affect cardiac reserve as measured by exercise echocardiography?
Exercise echocardiography can categorize cardiac reserve into four distinct response types that correlate with age, athletic training, and severity of ischemic heart disease.
May aid noninvasive cardiac reserve assessment by age and ischemia; leaves open prognostic validation before clinical use.
Exercise tolerance and heart response were examined by cross-sectional echocardiography before and during exercise tests to assess the effects of aging, training and myocardial ischemia on the cardiac reserve of 40 healthy men, 20 athletes and 25 patients with angina on effort. The cardiac response to exercise can be divided into 4 types according to parameters derived from a short axis section echocardiogram. Type A: The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) increased slightly in the early stage of exercise, and thereafter, the cardiac response was maintained by a gradual increase of myocardial contractility and heart rate. Type B: Initial response to exercise was similar to Type A, but cardiac output was maintained only by an increase of heart rate under additional exercise load. Type C: LVEDV, LVESV (left ventricular end-systolic volume) and contractility remained virtually unchanged throughout the exercise. Type D: The contractility decreased from the early stage of the exercise, and LVEDV and LVESV increased. Most young subjects and all athletes showed Type A response, while in the aged healthy subjects the Type B response was more frequent. Anginal cases tolerating 125-watt load responded as Type B or C, and those tolerating only 75 watts showed Type C or D. All patients in Type D had multi-vessel disease.
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Mizutani et al. (1984) conducted a cross-sectional in Angina on effort (n=85). Aging, training, and myocardial ischemia vs. Young healthy subjects was evaluated on Cardiac response to exercise. Aging, training, and myocardial ischemia altered cardiac reserve, with 100% of athletes showing normal contractility increases and 100% of Type D angina patients having multi-vessel disease.