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June 6, 2026International SecurityOpen Access

The Cost of Restraint: India's Divergent Responses to China and Pakistan as Nuclear Rivals

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Authors

Y(Yogesh M. Joshi (1636813)RMRohan Mukherjee

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Implication

Randomized trial examines nuclear responses to China and Pakistan, suggesting restraints influenced by threat assessments.

Key Points

  • This research analyzes why India refrained from nuclear weapons against China but pursued them against Pakistan. It highlights the impact of perceived nuclear threats.
  • Conducted interviews to gather expert insights on nuclear assessments.
  • Utilized new archival evidence related to India's nuclear decisions.
  • Assessed the theoretical framework comparing conventional capabilities and extensive aims of rivals.
  • India did not develop nuclear weapons in response to China’s nuclear advancements in the 1960s.
  • India acquired nuclear capability after assessing Pakistan as a significant threat in the late 1980s.
  • The analysis shows that perceived threats influence the decision to pursue nuclear weapons.

Cite This Study

(1636813) et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a23b9ac71a5da9775e756e8https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.a.406
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