A Broadband Multifunctional Reconfigurable Reflective Metasurface Element

This letter presents a broadband multifunctional reconfigurable reflective metasurface element (RRME) operating in the X‐band. Unlike conventional reconfigurable metasurface elements that typically offer limited functionality and polarization flexibility, the proposed element integrates broadband 1‐bit phase modulation, continuous reflection‐amplitude tuning, and polarization‐dependent control. By exploiting the switching and attenuating characteristics of PIN diodes and a compact DC‐bias network, the reflection response is controlled through the PIN‐diode pair aligned with the polarization of the incident wave. Under this polarization‐selective biasing scheme, broadband 1‐bit phase modulation with a phase difference of 180° ± 30° is achieved over the 9.65–11.7 GHz band, and the reflection amplitude can be continuously tuned from near‐unity reflection to below −10 dB over 9–11.5 GHz, without increasing structural complexity. A prototype is fabricated and measured with a rectangular waveguide, and good agreement between simulations and measurements validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.