What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of matching-to-sample procedures in dogs, specifically odor-visual and visual-visual tasks.

Odor–visual and visual–visual matching to sample with dogs

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Randomized trial evaluates matching procedures in dogs, indicating varied success rates for learning tasks.

This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of matching-to-sample procedures in dogs, specifically odor-visual and visual-visual tasks.
Utilized automated odor delivery and touchscreen apparatus for selection of visual stimuli.
Conducted three experiments to evaluate performance with different matching procedures and error correction methods.
Experiment 2 added an error-correction and errorless-learning procedure to enhance learning.
In Experiment 1, only one of four dogs progressed to training with a third odor after showing above-chance accuracy.
In Experiment 2, dogs performed at chance accuracy, indicating difficulties with the errorless-learning approach.
In Experiment 3, two of four dogs successfully performed a visual-visual matching task, suggesting it is easier to learn than odor-visual matching.

Edwards et al. (2026) studied this question.

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