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June 7, 2026Diabetes

2086-P: Marked Heterogeneity in Type 2 Diabetes among Disaggregated Asian American and Pacific Islander Adolescents and Young Adults: Predictors of Adverse Cardiometabolic Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults (PAPAYA) Study

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Key result

Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino youth face the highest T2D prevalence at ~13 per 1000.

  • n=5,140

Why the study?

Rates of T2D among adolescents and young adults are rising, yet risk among disaggregated Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander groups is poorly described.

Population

Adolescents and young adults aged 10-30 years in Kaiser Permanente Northern California

Comparison

T2D prevalence across disaggregated racial and ethnic groups

Design

Retrospective cohort study

Authors

AKAi KuboKaiser PermanenteJDJULIANNA DEARDORFFCalifornia Institute of TechnologySSShylaja SrinivasanCalifornia Institute of Technology

Discussion

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Implication

May support earlier T2D vigilance in NHPI and Filipino youth; challenges traditional high-risk classifications and leaves open prospective validation.

Key Points

  • This study aims to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among disaggregated Asian American and Pacific Islander adolescents and young adults.
  • Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
  • T2D identification through validated algorithms and prevalence calculation by racial and ethnic group.
  • Standardized to the 2020 US census population for comparison.
  • 5,140 adolescents and young adults had prevalent T2D by 12/31/2024, with 57% being female.
  • NHPI and Filipino groups showed the highest prevalence rates of 13.2 and 12.5 per 1000, respectively, surpassing rates in Black, Hispanic, and Native American groups.
  • Filipinos exhibited higher T2D prevalence despite having a lower mean BMI.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=5,140)

Structured PICO

P
Population
5,140 adolescents and young adults (aged 10-30 years) with prevalent type 2 diabetes in a Northern California integrated health system.
O
Outcome
2024 type 2 diabetes prevalence calculated by racial and ethnic group and age- and sex-standardized to the 2020 US census population

Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino adolescents and young adults is markedly high, exceeding rates in traditionally high-risk groups like Black and Hispanic youth.

Cite This Study

Kubo et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Type 2 diabetes (n=5,140). Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino race/ethnicity vs. Black, Hispanic, and Native American race/ethnicity was evaluated on Standardized T2D prevalence per 1000. Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Filipino adolescents and young adults had the highest T2D prevalence (13.2 and 12.5 per 1000), exceeding rates in Black, Hispanic, and Native American groups.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250ce97def13d035e1d1d4https://doi.org/10.2337/db26-2086-p
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 12092-P: Early Prevalence Shift from Type 1 towards Type 2 Diabetes across Adolescence and Young Adulthood with Marked Racial and Ethnic Differences: The PAPAYA Study2026
  2. 21622-P: Associations between Mental Health and Type 2 Diabetes among Adolescents and Young Adults: The PAPAYA Study2026
  3. 32095-P: Maternal Sociodemographic, Prepregnancy, and Pregnancy Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Young Adults: The PAPAYA Study2026
  4. 444-PUB: Evaluation and Care of Double Diabetes in Asian American Patients2026
  5. 52337-P: Variation in A1C in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) Populations with and without Diabetes by Age and BMI: The PANACHE Study2026