What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Type 2 diabetes (n=789363). Intervention: Type 2 diabetes vs. No diabetes. Primary outcome: Depression (POR 1.81, 95% CI 1.68-1.95).

What does this research mean for the field?

Adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes have significantly higher odds of depression and anxiety compared to those without diabetes, with the association being particularly strong among adolescents. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to explore the associations between type 2 diabetes diagnosis and mental health outcomes among adolescents and young adults, with a focus on age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

June 7, 2026Diabetes

1622-P: Associations between Mental Health and Type 2 Diabetes among Adolescents and Young Adults: The PAPAYA Study

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Key result

T2D in adolescents and young adults is linked to ~81% higher odds of depression.

POR 1.81
95% CI 1.68-1.95
n=789,363

Why the study?

Adolescents and young adults with T2D face elevated mental health risks, but existing studies lack statistical power for subgroup analyses.

Does a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes increase the prevalence of depression and anxiety in adolescents and young adults?

Population

789,363 adolescents and young adults aged 10-30 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California

Comparison

T2D diagnosis vs without diabetes

Design

Cross-sectional study

Authors

CHCindy J. HuangCalifornia Institute of Technology SSShylaja SrinivasanCalifornia Institute of Technology JLJ LiuCalifornia Institute of Technology

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Supports mental health screening consideration in AYAs with T2D; leaves open causality and needs prospective confirmation.

Key Points

The study aims to explore the associations between type 2 diabetes diagnosis and mental health outcomes among adolescents and young adults, with a focus on age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Cross-sectional analysis of the PAPAYA cohort at Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
Identified AYAs aged 10-30 with type 2 diabetes diagnosed via validated algorithm.
Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios for mental health associations.
Among 789,363 AYAs, 3,392 had a T2D diagnosis (0.43%).
AYAs with T2D had higher odds of depression (POR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.68-1.95) and anxiety (POR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.49-1.73).
Adolescents with T2D showed even higher odds of depression (POR = 2.73, 95% CI: 2.26-3.29) and anxiety (POR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78-2.62) compared to young adults.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=789,363)

Structured PICO

Does a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes increase the prevalence of depression and anxiety in adolescents and young adults?

Population

789,363 adolescents and young adults (ages 10-30) assessed for associations between type 2 diabetes and mental health outcomes.

Exposure

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) diagnosis

Comparator

Adolescents and young adults without diabetes

Outcome

Depression (defined using ICD-10 diagnosis codes, PHQ-2 ≥ 3, and PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (defined using ICD-10 diagnosis codes and GAD-7 ≥ 10)patient reported

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.81 (95% CI 1.68–1.95)

Adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes experience a significantly higher burden of depression and anxiety compared to their peers without diabetes, with the association being particularly pronounced in adolescents.

Cite This Study

Huang et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes (n=789,363). Type 2 diabetes vs. No diabetes was evaluated on Depression (POR 1.81, 95% CI 1.68-1.95). Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults was associated with higher odds of depression (POR 1.81; 95% CI 1.68-1.95) and anxiety (POR 1.60; 95% CI 1.49-1.73) compared to those without diabetes.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250c507def13d035e1c67e https://doi.org/10.2337/db26-1622-p

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1622-P: Associations between Mental Health and Type 2 Diabetes among Adolescents and Young Adults: The PAPAYA Study

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Cite This Study

1622-P: Associations between Mental Health and Type 2 Diabetes among Adolescents and Young Adults: The PAPAYA Study

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider