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June 7, 2026Cardiology ResearchOpen Access

Strong Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation Program Improves Exercise Tolerance in Outpatients With Cardiovascular Disease

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Why the study?

Although exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is recommended at least three times weekly, high-frequency visits are often difficult, and the association between rehabilitation frequency and improved exercise tolerance is not well known.

Does participating in an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program once a week or more improve exercise tolerance in outpatients with cardiovascular disease?

Population

110 outpatients who participated in CR and performed CPET two times

Comparison

CR once a week or more (n = 75) vs less than once a week (n = 35)

Design

Retrospective observational study

Follow-up

Within 6 months

Key result

Participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program once a week or more improved exercise tolerance, including oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency, compared to less frequent participation.

Authors

KBK BandoYSYasunori SuematsuTMTakuro Matsuda

Discussion

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Member takes

Overview

May support once-weekly cardiac rehabilitation for exercise tolerance gains; hypothesis-generating and leaves optimal frequency open for RCTs.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation frequency on exercise tolerance in outpatients with cardiovascular disease.
  • Retrospective observational study involving 110 outpatients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tests before and after cardiac rehabilitation.
  • Patients were divided into groups based on participation frequency: once a week or more (n=75) and less than once a week (n=35).
  • Changes in cardiopulmonary exercise test results were compared between the groups.
  • Patients engaging in cardio rehabilitation once a week or more showed significant improvements in oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency.
  • Improvements in the ratio of oxygen uptake to work rate were notable in the higher frequency group.
  • Those participating less than once a week exhibited only small improvements in exercise tolerance.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=110)

Structured PICO

Does participating in an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program once a week or more improve exercise tolerance in outpatients with cardiovascular disease?

P
Population
110 outpatients with cardiovascular disease who participated in cardiac rehabilitation and performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing twice within 6 months.
E
Exposure
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation once a week or more (average frequency 1.54 times per week)
C
Comparator
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation less than once a week
O
Outcome
Changes in cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results (including oxygen uptake, ventilatory equivalent, and ventilatory efficiency) within 6 monthssurrogate

Participating in cardiac rehabilitation at least once a week is sufficient to significantly improve exercise tolerance and cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters in outpatients with cardiovascular disease.

Cite This Study

Bando et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Cardiovascular disease (n=110). Cardiac rehabilitation ≥1 time per week vs. Cardiac rehabilitation <1 time per week was evaluated on Changes in cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results. Participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program once a week or more improved exercise tolerance, including oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency, compared to less frequent participation.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250fe27def13d035e1d457https://doi.org/10.14740/cr2213
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