The effect of probiotic bacteria and pharmacological anti-inflammatory effects on the size of myocardial infarction in rats with systemic inflammation

BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has been shown that certain probiotics have a cardioprotective effect in conditions of comorbidity and systemic inflammation. The mechanisms of probiotic-mediated cardioprotection have not been studied in practice. There is an assumption that the heart attack-limiting effect of probiotics is mediated by their anti-inflammatory effect. AIM: To study the severity of the cardioprotective effect of a mixture of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) in rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in comparison with the use of IL-1 receptor blockers, AT1 angiotensin II receptors, M-cholinergic receptors, as well as an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alfa binding to its receptors. METHODS: The experiments were performed on male Wistar stock rats on a model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The rats of the corresponding groups, after chemical induction of a systemic inflammatory response, were intragastrically injected with probiotic strains, losartan and hyoscine butyl bromide; subcutaneously — etanercept and anakinra for 8 days. The assessment of myocardial resistance to ischemic-reperfusion injury was carried out on the model of global ischemia-reperfusion of an isolated heart at an upgraded Langendorff facility, by planimetric estimation of the size of the necrosis zone. The concentration of cytokines in blood plasma was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The size of the myocardial necrosis zone in the systemic inflammatory response group, rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, was significantly higher than in the control group — 45% (38; 48)% and 30% (26; 31)% (p 0.05). In the groups of probiotic strains, anakinra and losartan, the size of the necrosis zone was 32% (28; 35)%, 26% (24; 35)% and 30% (25; 36)%, which is less than in the systemic inflammatory response group (p 0.05). In the etanercept and hyoscine butyl bromide groups, the size of the necrosis zone was 35% (26; 36)% and 42% (32; 46)%, not significantly different from the SIR group (p 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters of the isolated heart did not differ between the groups. In the systemic inflammatory response group, the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor beta in blood plasma was significantly higher than in the control group. At the same time, in the groups of probiotic strains, anakinra, losartan and hyoscine butyl bromide, a significant decrease in the levels of certain cytokines was noted, confirming the presence of an anti-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSION: The introduction of probiotics to rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused a decrease in the size of the necrosis zone. At the same time, the blockade of tumor necrosis factor alfa binding to receptors and the blockade of M-cholinergic receptors were not accompanied by a decrease in size of the necrosis zone in this model. Pharmacological blockade of the IL-1 and AT1 angiotensin II receptors had a cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effect similar to the probiotic strains group, which indicates the unidirectional effect of the tested effects.